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Dietary supplements in numbers

Aggregate statistics computed from the full SuppDB catalogue: 18,480 supplement and nootropic labels from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database, 144,108 active-ingredient listings normalised to milligrams, with a label ID and URL on every record. Snapshot of 2026-09-18. Every figure is free to cite, quote and embed with a link to this page.

The most common supplement ingredients

Vitamin C is on 21.5% of supplement labels, Calcium on 18.8% and Vitamin D on 18.7%. The most common botanical is Ashwagandha at 7.7%.

The most common supplement ingredientsShare of 18,480 supplement labels listing the ingredient The most common supplement ingredients Share of 18,480 supplement labels listing the ingredient Vitamin C: 21.5%Vitamin C21.5% Calcium: 18.8%Calcium18.8% Vitamin D: 18.7%Vitamin D18.7% Magnesium: 18.6%Magnesium18.6% Zinc: 18.1%Zinc18.1% Sodium: 13.3%Sodium13.3% Vitamin B6: 13.3%Vitamin B613.3% Vitamin B12: 13.2%Vitamin B1213.2% Vitamin E: 10.8%Vitamin E10.8% Niacin: 10.5%Niacin10.5% Potassium: 10.4%Potassium10.4% Thiamin: 9.8%Thiamin9.8% Riboflavin: 9.4%Riboflavin9.4% Biotin: 9.2%Biotin9.2% Chromium: 8.2%Chromium8.2% Source: SuppDB, suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats · NIH DSLD labels · snapshot 2026-09-18 · CC BY 4.0
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<a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/#fig-top-ingredients"><img src="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/charts/top-ingredients.svg" alt="The most common supplement ingredients" width="720" style="max-width:100%;height:auto"></a>
<p><small>Source: <a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/">SuppDB supplement statistics</a> (CC BY 4.0)</small></p>
IngredientProductsShare of products
Vitamin C3,97321.5%
Calcium3,47218.8%
Vitamin D3,45118.7%
Magnesium3,44118.6%
Zinc3,33618.1%
Sodium2,46413.3%
Vitamin B62,45313.3%
Vitamin B122,44313.2%
Vitamin E1,98710.8%
Niacin1,93710.5%
Potassium1,91410.4%
Thiamin1,8039.8%
Riboflavin1,7399.4%
Biotin1,7079.2%
Chromium1,5188.2%
Selenium1,5098.2%
Manganese1,5088.2%
Vitamin A1,4267.7%
Ashwagandha1,4257.7%
Iodine1,3757.4%

Share of labels listing the ingredient as an active (Supplement Facts panel), counted once per product whatever the specific form; Vitamin D covers cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol, Magnesium every salt. Excipients and other ingredients are not counted.

What kinds of ingredients supplements contain

42.3% of labels list at least one botanical ingredient, 42.0% a vitamin and 42.0% a mineral. Probiotic bacteria appear on 8.2% of labels.

Ingredient types by share of productsShare of 18,480 labels listing at least one ingredient of the type Ingredient types by share of products Share of 18,480 labels listing at least one ingredient of the type Botanical: 42.3%Botanical42.3% Vitamin: 42.0%Vitamin42.0% Mineral: 42.0%Mineral42.0% Non-nutrient, non-botanical: 30.3%Non-nutrient, non-botanical30.3% Amino acid: 10.7%Amino acid10.7% Fat: 9.9%Fat9.9% Bacteria: 8.2%Bacteria8.2% Other: 6.5%Other6.5% Fiber: 5.1%Fiber5.1% Enzyme: 4.4%Enzyme4.4% Fatty acid: 3.9%Fatty acid3.9% Protein: 2.3%Protein2.3% Source: SuppDB, suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats · NIH DSLD labels · snapshot 2026-09-18 · CC BY 4.0
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<a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/#fig-categories"><img src="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/charts/categories.svg" alt="Ingredient types by share of products" width="720" style="max-width:100%;height:auto"></a>
<p><small>Source: <a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/">SuppDB supplement statistics</a> (CC BY 4.0)</small></p>
Ingredient typeProductsShare
Botanical7,80842.3%
Vitamin7,76142.0%
Mineral7,75642.0%
Non-nutrient, non-botanical5,60630.3%
Amino acid1,97610.7%
Fat1,8359.9%
Bacteria1,5168.2%
Other1,1946.5%
Fiber9415.1%
Enzyme8194.4%
Fatty acid7123.9%
Protein4282.3%

Ingredient type is the NIH DSLD ingredient group of each active. A product counts once per type it contains, so shares sum to more than 100%.

How often the dose is hidden

25.7% of supplement labels use a proprietary blend, which lists ingredients without their individual amounts. As a result 38.2% of all 144,108 ingredient listings carry no per-ingredient dose. Liquid products hide doses most often (31.6%), Softgel Capsule least (8.1%).

Proprietary blends by product formShare of labels that hide at least one dose inside a proprietary blend Proprietary blends by product form Share of labels that hide at least one dose inside a proprietary blend Liquid: 31.6%Liquid31.6% Other (e.g. tea bag): 31.4%Other (e.g. tea bag)31.4% Powder: 30.6%Powder30.6% Capsule: 29.8%Capsule29.8% Tablet or Pill: 22.7%Tablet or Pill22.7% Lozenge: 16.8%Lozenge16.8% Gummy or Jelly: 15.4%Gummy or Jelly15.4% Softgel Capsule: 8.1%Softgel Capsule8.1% Source: SuppDB, suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats · NIH DSLD labels · snapshot 2026-09-18 · CC BY 4.0
18,445 labels with a stated formDownload SVG
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<a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/#fig-proprietary-blends"><img src="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/charts/proprietary-blends.svg" alt="Proprietary blends by product form" width="720" style="max-width:100%;height:auto"></a>
<p><small>Source: <a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/">SuppDB supplement statistics</a> (CC BY 4.0)</small></p>
Product formProductsWith a proprietary blendShare
Liquid1,74755231.6%
Other (e.g. tea bag)58318331.4%
Powder3,6321,11230.6%
Capsule6,3281,88429.8%
Tablet or Pill3,06569622.7%
Lozenge1612716.8%
Gummy or Jelly76011715.4%
Softgel Capsule2,1691768.1%

A listing is flagged as a proprietary blend when the label groups it under a blend total instead of stating its own amount; the blend flag and the missing amount are both taken from the NIH DSLD label record. Forms with fewer than 100 products are omitted.

How doses compare with reference intakes

Per serving, 91.1% of Vitamin B12 listings exceed the adult daily reference intake, as do 87.7% of Vitamin B6 and 81.9% of Biotin listings. Against the tolerable upper intake level, the line most often crossed is Niacin: 27.6% of its dosed listings exceed the adult UL per serving, followed by Magnesium (16.6%) and Zinc (8.0%).

Share of listings above the adult daily reference intakeNutrients with 200+ dosed listings; per serving, adult RDA or AI Share of listings above the adult daily reference intake Nutrients with 200+ dosed listings; per serving, adult RDA or AI Vitamin B12: 91.1%Vitamin B1291.1% Vitamin B6: 87.7%Vitamin B687.7% Biotin: 81.9%Biotin81.9% Chromium: 81.8%Chromium81.8% Pantothenic Acid: 81.6%Pantothenic Acid81.6% Niacin: 68.5%Niacin68.5% Vitamin C: 65.0%Vitamin C65.0% Molybdenum: 63.7%Molybdenum63.7% Copper: 58.4%Copper58.4% Vitamin E: 56.4%Vitamin E56.4% Selenium: 55.7%Selenium55.7% Zinc: 55.5%Zinc55.5% Vitamin A: 54.8%Vitamin A54.8% Manganese: 30.7%Manganese30.7% Folate: 23.2%Folate23.2% Source: SuppDB, suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats · NIH DSLD labels · snapshot 2026-09-18 · CC BY 4.0
43,283 dosed listings with a reference valueDownload SVG
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<a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/#fig-above-daily-value"><img src="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/charts/above-daily-value.svg" alt="Share of listings above the adult daily reference intake" width="720" style="max-width:100%;height:auto"></a>
<p><small>Source: <a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/">SuppDB supplement statistics</a> (CC BY 4.0)</small></p>
Share of listings above the tolerable upper intake levelNutrients with 100+ dosed listings; per serving, adult UL Share of listings above the tolerable upper intake level Nutrients with 100+ dosed listings; per serving, adult UL Niacin: 27.6%Niacin27.6% Magnesium: 16.6%Magnesium16.6% Zinc: 8.0%Zinc8.0% Vitamin A: 6.4%Vitamin A6.4% Manganese: 2.2%Manganese2.2% Iron: 1.7%Iron1.7% Folate: 1.1%Folate1.1% Vitamin B6: 0.9%Vitamin B60.9% Vitamin C: 0.9%Vitamin C0.9% Boron: 0.8%Boron0.8% Iodine: 0.6%Iodine0.6% Calcium: 0.3%Calcium0.3% Source: SuppDB, suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats · NIH DSLD labels · snapshot 2026-09-18 · CC BY 4.0
17 nutrients with an adult ULDownload SVG
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<a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/#fig-above-upper-limit"><img src="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/charts/above-upper-limit.svg" alt="Share of listings above the tolerable upper intake level" width="720" style="max-width:100%;height:auto"></a>
<p><small>Source: <a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/">SuppDB supplement statistics</a> (CC BY 4.0)</small></p>
NutrientDosed listingsAbove daily referenceShareReference (mg per day)
Vitamin B122,4862,26591.1%0.0024
Vitamin B62,4632,16187.7%1.3
Biotin1,7011,39381.9%0.03
Chromium1,6151,32181.8%0.035
Pantothenic Acid35929381.6%5
Niacin1,9591,34168.5%16
Vitamin C4,0082,60565.0%90
Molybdenum1,05567263.7%0.045
Copper1,41082358.4%0.9
Vitamin E2,1251,19856.4%15
Selenium1,56487155.7%0.055
Zinc3,4891,93555.5%11
Vitamin A1,45379654.8%0.9
Manganese1,57048230.7%2.3
Folate1,19427723.2%0.4
Iodine1,39921915.7%0.15
Iron1,12715914.1%18
Magnesium3,60536210.0%400
Calcium3,5701233.4%1000
Choline870101.1%550
Sodium2,34560.3%1500
Potassium1,91610.1%3400

Above the tolerable upper intake level

NutrientDosed listingsAbove ULShareUL (mg per day)
Niacin1,95954127.6%35
Magnesium3,60559816.6%350
Zinc3,4892808.0%40
Vitamin A1,453936.4%3
Manganese1,570352.2%11
Iron1,127191.7%45
Folate1,194131.1%1
Vitamin B62,463220.9%100
Vitamin C4,008380.9%2000
Boron83570.8%20
Iodine1,39980.6%1.1
Calcium3,57090.3%2500
Selenium1,56440.3%0.4
Copper1,41020.1%10
Choline87000.0%3500
Molybdenum1,05500.0%2
Vitamin E2,12510.0%1000

Reference values are the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements adult RDA or AI and tolerable upper intake level (UL), stored per nutrient in milligrams. Comparisons are per labelled serving, not per day, and only listings with a stated amount are counted. Exceeding the RDA is common and often intended; the UL for magnesium applies to supplemental intake only and the UL for niacin to nicotinic acid, so read these as label facts, not as a safety verdict. Some products are formulated for use under medical supervision.

Forms and formula size

34.2% of products are capsules, 19.7% powders and 16.6% tablets or pills. 34.8% of products contain a single active ingredient; the median product has 3, the mean 7.8, and the most complex formula lists 229. A container holds a median of 50 servings.

Supplement formsShare of 18,480 products by labelled form Supplement forms Share of 18,480 products by labelled form Capsule: 34.2%Capsule34.2% Powder: 19.7%Powder19.7% Tablet or Pill: 16.6%Tablet or Pill16.6% Softgel Capsule: 11.7%Softgel Capsule11.7% Liquid: 9.5%Liquid9.5% Gummy or Jelly: 4.1%Gummy or Jelly4.1% Other (e.g. tea bag): 3.2%Other (e.g. tea bag)3.2% Lozenge: 0.9%Lozenge0.9% Unknown: 0.2%Unknown0.2% Source: SuppDB, suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats · NIH DSLD labels · snapshot 2026-09-18 · CC BY 4.0
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<a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/#fig-forms"><img src="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/charts/forms.svg" alt="Supplement forms" width="720" style="max-width:100%;height:auto"></a>
<p><small>Source: <a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/">SuppDB supplement statistics</a> (CC BY 4.0)</small></p>
How many active ingredients a product listsShare of 18,480 products by number of actives How many active ingredients a product lists Share of 18,480 products by number of actives 1: 34.8%134.8% 2 to 3: 20.8%2 to 320.8% 4 to 6: 13.2%4 to 613.2% 7 to 10: 10.0%7 to 1010.0% 11 to 20: 11.4%11 to 2011.4% 21 or more: 9.8%21 or more9.8% Source: SuppDB, suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats · NIH DSLD labels · snapshot 2026-09-18 · CC BY 4.0
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<a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/#fig-ingredients-per-product"><img src="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/charts/ingredients-per-product.svg" alt="How many active ingredients a product lists" width="720" style="max-width:100%;height:auto"></a>
<p><small>Source: <a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/">SuppDB supplement statistics</a> (CC BY 4.0)</small></p>
FormProductsShare
Capsule6,32834.2%
Powder3,63219.7%
Tablet or Pill3,06516.6%
Softgel Capsule2,16911.7%
Liquid1,7479.5%
Gummy or Jelly7604.1%
Other (e.g. tea bag)5833.2%
Lozenge1610.9%
Unknown350.2%

Actives per product

ActivesProductsShare
16,42934.8%
2 to 33,83620.8%
4 to 62,43813.2%
7 to 101,85510.0%
11 to 202,10411.4%
21 or more1,8189.8%

Form is the label's own dosage form as recorded by NIH DSLD. Servings per container are stated on 15,714 of 18,480 labels (interquartile range 30 to 90).

Two ingredients up close: magnesium and caffeine

Magnesium Oxide is the most common magnesium form at 18.4% of magnesium listings, ahead of Magnesium Citrate (13.1%) and Magnesium Glycinate (6.5%); 15.4% of listings name no salt at all. Caffeine is dosed on 262 labels at a median of 150 mg per serving (mean 170 mg, maximum 400 mg); 67 of them exceed 200 mg in one serving.

Which magnesium supplements actually containShare of 3,753 magnesium listings by chemical form Which magnesium supplements actually contain Share of 3,753 magnesium listings by chemical form Magnesium Oxide: 18.4%Magnesium Oxide18.4% Magnesium: 15.4%Magnesium15.4% Magnesium Citrate: 13.1%Magnesium Citrate13.1% Magnesium Glycinate: 6.5%Magnesium Glycinate6.5% Magnesium Aspartate: 5.4%Magnesium Aspartate5.4% Magnesium Carbonate: 3.7%Magnesium Carbonate3.7% Magnesium Amino Acid Chelate: 3.1%Magnesium Amino Acid Chelate3.1% Magnesium Ascorbate: 2.5%Magnesium Ascorbate2.5% Source: SuppDB, suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats · NIH DSLD labels · snapshot 2026-09-18 · CC BY 4.0
3,753 magnesium listingsDownload SVG
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<a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/#fig-magnesium-forms"><img src="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/charts/magnesium-forms.svg" alt="Which magnesium supplements actually contain" width="720" style="max-width:100%;height:auto"></a>
<p><small>Source: <a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/">SuppDB supplement statistics</a> (CC BY 4.0)</small></p>
Magnesium formListingsShare
Magnesium Oxide69118.4%
Magnesium57715.4%
Magnesium Citrate49113.1%
Magnesium Glycinate2446.5%
Magnesium Aspartate2015.4%
Magnesium Carbonate1383.7%
Magnesium Amino Acid Chelate1173.1%
Magnesium Ascorbate922.5%

Magnesium form is the specific ingredient named on the label; a label that lists the element without a salt is shown as Magnesium. Caffeine figures use listings with a stated amount, whether from caffeine anhydrous or a caffeine-standardised extract.

Brands with the most products on file

BulkSupplements.com has the most labels on file with 522, ahead of TerraVita Premium Collection (435) and NOW (380). The catalogue spans 2,257 brands; most have a handful of products.

Brands with the most products on fileProducts per brand, top 15 of 2,257 brands Brands with the most products on file Products per brand, top 15 of 2,257 brands BulkSupplements.com: 522BulkSupplements.com522 TerraVita Premium Collection: 435TerraVita Premium Collection435 NOW: 380NOW380 Hawaii Pharm: 311Hawaii Pharm311 Nature's Way: 253Nature's Way253 Douglas Laboratories: 233Douglas Laboratories233 Puritan's Pride: 218Puritan's Pride218 Source Naturals: 194Source Naturals194 Pure Encapsulations: 189Pure Encapsulations189 The Vitamin Shoppe: 173The Vitamin Shoppe173 Nature Made: 172Nature Made172 Bluebonnet: 164Bluebonnet164 Country Life: 163Country Life163 Good 'N Natural: 146Good 'N Natural146 Solgar: 138Solgar138 Source: SuppDB, suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats · NIH DSLD labels · snapshot 2026-09-18 · CC BY 4.0
top 15 of 2,257 brandsDownload SVG
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<a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/#fig-top-brands"><img src="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/charts/top-brands.svg" alt="Brands with the most products on file" width="720" style="max-width:100%;height:auto"></a>
<p><small>Source: <a href="https://suppdb.dataengineered.io/stats/">SuppDB supplement statistics</a> (CC BY 4.0)</small></p>
BrandProducts
BulkSupplements.com522
TerraVita Premium Collection435
NOW380
Hawaii Pharm311
Nature's Way253
Douglas Laboratories233
Puritan's Pride218
Source Naturals194
Pure Encapsulations189
The Vitamin Shoppe173
Nature Made172
Bluebonnet164
Country Life163
Good 'N Natural146
Solgar138

Brand names are as printed on the label and recorded by NIH DSLD. Counts reflect how many of a brand's labels are in the database, not its market share.

Method, reuse and citation

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